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Administrative reforms in Eastern Europe: A comparative legal analysis
(Cuestiones Políticas, 2021) Stanislav V. Zlyvko; Valerii A. Bortniak; Kateryna V. Bortniak; Iryna P. Storozhuk; Roman Z. Holobutovskyy
The objective of the article was to analyze the legal regulation of the decentralization reform in Eastern Europe and its impact on the unemployment rate. Methodologically, statistical analysis, hypothetical-deductive method and correlation were used. It was found that the first stage of the reform of the New Civil Service in Poland, Ukraine, Romania, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Latvia, and Bulgaria began in 1990, but can be called an informal preparatory stage. It is determined that the process of implementation of administrative reforms is influenced by a series of factors: historical, economic, geographical. It is concluded that there is no positive correlation between the effectiveness of public administration and the effectiveness of local self-government in all the countries studied. The reform of decentralization has been shown to have a negative impact on employment. In addition, it found that Poland is the most stable country among those studied, with a high level of efficiency of local self-government. La more negative correlation between the efficiency index of local self-government and employment, and the most positive correlation between local and unemployment rate.
Analysis of agritourism and tourism potential of rural areas in the system of their sustainable development: a case study of Ukraine.
(2022-01-28) Sobchenko T.; Mykytsei T.; Zatsepina N.; Krushynska A.; Samaricheva T.
In the article we proved that rural tourism in a market economy is becoming increasingly important, because it helps to solve the problems of rural development, namely: the outflow of young people to cities, declining employment, low incomes of the rural population, and more. The purpose of the article is to study rural agritourism and substantiate the tourist potential of rural areas of Ukraine on the basis of sustainable development. In the process of studying the dynamics of rural green tourism in Ukraine, it was found that the number of farmsteads in Ukraine is increasing and the development of agritourism is intensifying. In the article we found that the saturation of rural tourist farmsteads is unevenly distributed throughout Ukraine, due to natural and climatic conditions, the presence of historical and cultural sites, and the preservation of ethnic traditions. In the article we proved that the development of rural green tourism not only helps to preserve and develop recreational areas in rural areas but also helps to solve socio-economic problems of the village, which reduces rural unemployment by attracting youth and the local population, reproduction of labour potential, slowing down migration processes in villages, increasing the level of infrastructure in the region, replenishing local rural budgets.
Analytical review of modern approaches to determining the essence of the economic security of tourism enterprises
(2021-07-12) TETIANA TERESHCHENKO, EDUARD SHCHEPANSKIY, LESIA OMELCHUK, TETIANA PIDLISNA, OLENA KHYTRA
This study investigates issues related to an analytical review of modern approaches to determining the essence of economic security of enterprises in the tourism sector. The relevance of the subject matter is determined by the need to develop a comprehensive understanding of the issues related to determining the essence of economic security of enterprises operating in the tourism sector from the standpoint of the currently existing analytical approaches. At present, issues related to the economic security of enterprises in various fields of activity, including tourism, require special attention in view of the ever-increasing need to monitor the indicators of their economic efficiency in the constantly changing modern market conditions. The purpose of this study is to carry out an analytical review of the current approaches to defining the essence of the very concept of economic security, as applied to tourism enterprises and a comparative characteristic of the effectiveness of such approaches. The leading approach in this study is a combination of analytical and logical methods of researching the issues included in the subject matter. The main results obtained in the course of this study include the definition and statement of some modern approaches to the issues under study and the analysis of the essence of the concept of economic efficiency of the activities of enterprises in the tourism industry, in relation to the realities of the current economic situation in the world as a whole. Prospects for further scientific research in this area are determined by the increasing importance of economic security issues in relation to the activities of enterprises in various fields of activity and tourism in particular, as well as the need for an objective ealuation of the effectiveness of the approaches used to determine the essence of the concept of economic security regarding the activities of enterprises in the tourism sector. Currently, the tourism business is actively developing and aspects of the economic security of enterprises operating in this industry are of paramount importance. The applied value of this scientific study lies in procurement of analytical information regarding the main methods for determining the essence of the economic security of enterprises, identifying the most effective of them with a view to their subsequent application in practice, in assessing the effectiveness of measures to ensure the economic security of enterprises in the tourism sector
Approaches to understanding the category “special legal regimes”
(Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, 2021) Oleksandr M. Bukhanevych; Anastasiia M. Mernyk; Oleh O. Petryshyn
The study investigates the main approaches to understanding such legal categories as “legal regimes” and “special legal regime”, and provides their classification. Special legal regimes serve as the legal basis for restricting human and civil rights and freedoms; therefore, the relevance of the study of the concept, types, and main features of special legal regimes is beyond doubt. The authors of the study consider the relationship between the categories of special legal regime of a state of emergency and martial law, and describe the main grounds for their imposition. The authors noted a need for a clear, consistent legal regulation of the model of behaviour aimed at overcoming and eliminating negative consequences of an emergency and military nature. Attention is focused on the fact that in Ukraine, the regulation of public relations arising in connection with emergencies and military situations has become particularly important after the emergence of a military conflict on the territory of Ukraine and the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The study provides the author’s vision of the categories “legal regimes” and “special legal regimes”. it is proposed to interpret the legal regimes as the regulatory procedure, which is expressed in a set of legal means that describe a special combination of interacting permits, prohibitions, and obligations, while implementing a special focus of regulation. The latter should be interpreted as a form of public administration that makes provision for the restriction of the legal personality of individuals and legal entities, introduced as a temporary measure provided by means of administrative and legal nature, and aimed at ensuring the security of the individual, society, and the state. The study provides the classification of special legal regimes and contains proposals to distinguish them according to the content and basis of occurrence as follows: state of emergency, martial law, state of siege, state of war, state of public danger, state of tension, state of defence, state of threat, state of readiness, state of vigilance.
Attracting Foreign Investment in Cyclic Imbalances of the Economy
(Scientific Horizons, 2022, Vol. 25, No. 5. P. 101-116., 2022-08-23) Trusova, N., Kotvytska, N., Pikhniak, T., Pavlova, M., Plotnichenko, S. & Sakun, A.
Foreign investment is an important economic resource for many countries including Ukraine. The relevance of this study lies in the need to solve problems of attracting foreign investment. The purpose of this study was to consider the conditions for attracting foreign investment in the cyclic imbalances of the world economy. Using the method of correlation-regression analysis, the impact of indicators of financial imbalances was found both in general and by individual sub-indices. The study found the financial imbalances (fiscal, monetary, exchange rate, debt, trade, households, investment, and savings), both present and potential, in the face of the threat of financial and economic crisis. The procedure for assessing financial imbalances in economic activity of the world and their regional groups that implement the process of investment-oriented development was defined. To assess their impact on the volume of foreign direct investment, a comprehensive method of calculating sub-indicators of financial imbalances was proposed, which on the set of certain parameters forms an integrated index of financial imbalances. Methodological approaches to determining the restrictive procedures for the accumulation of financial imbalances associated with the transition of the financial system to a state of financial danger, considering the budget, currency, monetary and debt components were substantiated. The complex method of calculating sub-indicators of financial imbalances in the economy involves the identification of economic risks at the initial stages using the Alert Mechanism on the violation of the balance of the financial and economic systems of the participating countries. Priority areas (real estate and professional services) for attracting foreign investment from around the world were identified. The geostrategic matrix of attraction of foreign investments by the countries of the world was offered
Change management in R&D-quality costs in challenges of the global economy
(CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2021. Vol. 2870, pp. 1139–1151, 2021-06-21) Bublyk, M., Mykhailov, V., Matseliukh, Y., Pihniak, T., Selskyi, A., Grybyk, I.
The article considers the problems of R&D-quality costs management tools application in terms of entering new international markets. In the context of globalization of national economies, a key factor in the economic growth of any country is to ensure the sustainability and efficiency of innovation processes in enterprises. A necessary prerequisite for innovative activities of enterprises are R&D activities, for the conduct of which enterprises need certain resources, which ultimately identifies focus of research on R&D-quality costs management. The studied problem is widely discussed in Ukraine given the current geopolitical and socioeconomic transformation. The article considers the current specifics of the problems that arise in enterprises which apply various tools to manage the cost of R&D quality in terms of entering new international markets. The main tools, features and problems in the process of R&D-quality costs management tools application, the level of support for innovation by business entities and research are analyzed. Trend models based on indicators of Ukrainian enterprises performing R&D activities are built.
Credit Activity Legal Regulation of Commercial Banks
(Review of Economics and Finance, 2022) Riadinska, Valeriia O.; Samsin, Igor L.; Kovalko, Nataliia M.; Andrushchenko, Halyna S.; Soldatenko, Oksana V.
The purpose of this study is to review the changes and prospects of the legal regulation of bank lending in Ukraine based on the current national legislation comparing with the legislation of the European Union and Germany. In this case, the study of existing legal norms is the leading method taking into account the comparative legal aspect. The article presents a brief analysis of the fundamentals of public and private law regulation of bank lending in Ukraine, including in comparison with the legislation of the European Union and Germany, as well as, based on the results of the study of scientific literature and materials of international organizations, the theoretical basis of the transformation of European lending legislation shown the concept of "responsible lending"based on behavioural economics in recent years. At the same time, it was revealed that the new Ukrainian legislation contained some unexplained contradictions that might complicate law enforcement. In addition, many norms require modernization in connection with the adoption of new laws in the main normative acts - the Civil Code of Ukraine and the Economic Code of Ukraine.
Determinants of the current account balance and output in Ukraine
(2019-03-15) Synchak V.; Shevchuk V. O.; Zaverbnyj A. S.; Baranetska O. V.
Using quarterly data for the 2000—2017 period, fiscal and monetary policy effects upon the real exchange rate (RER), the current account balance and output (GDP) in Ukraine are estimated with the SVAR model. It is found that the budget surplus is a factor behind both an improvement in the current account and the business cycle, arguing in favor of fiscal discipline as a stabilization tool. On the other side, there is weak evidence that the monetary hangover measured as a deviation of the monetary aggregate M2 from its equilibrium trend contributes to an improvement in the current account as well, but at the cost of significant output losses with 4 to 6 quarter lags. Similar outcomes are brought about by the RER depreciation above trend, with a simultaneous drop in output on impact combined with the current account surplus. Both money supply and RER effects could be explained by crowding out of investments in the nontradable sector by the export activities, as it is implied by the familiar dependent economy model. As there is an increase in the money supply in response to economic boom, it rejects criticisms about artificial money shortages in Ukraine. Our results provide support to the so-called «45o rule» of a direct link between output and the current account, although with a significant time lag. А favourable current account effect upon output is achieved in the long run either, with an opposite restrictionary effect being observed on impact. While there is no causality running from the money supply to the budget balance, a strong link between the budget deficit and expansionary monetary stance is observed. Everything seems to be that an increase in GDP is an effective factor in improving the current account balance over the long term, while a favorable feedback also appears with a significant time lag (in the short term, it is quite the opposite, that is, improving the current account balance worsens the cyclical GDP position). However, the decomposition of the remnants does not allow asserting the importance of causality «catyt» та «ytcat». It is obvious that changes in the balance of the current account depend largely on the state of external markets, and the cyclical GDP dynamics ─ on internal factors, which relate primarily to the exchange rate and the monetary "sway" (the effect of the budget balance is less significant).
Ensuring a balance between public and private interests in the implementation of quarantine measures
(Revista de Derecho, 2020) Yaroslav Lazur; Tetyana Karabin; Oleksander Martyniuk; Oleksandr Bukhanevych; Oksana Kanienberh-Sandul
Under the influence of the spread of coronavirus infection, the world community has faced difficult challenges that provoke changes in the seemingly already stabilized legal regulation, putting at risk the settlement of human rights and the common good. The study aims to find effective mechanisms for balancing human rights and public interests in the context of their legal regulation. Specifically, this study is focused on the mechanisms of balancing private and public interests in the implementation of quarantine measures in the Covid-19 pandemic. The research methods were both general scientific and special methods, in particular: formal legal, historical and legal, analysis and synthesis. To perform the tasks of the work, the following structure was used: after some initial precisions, there are provided some considerations about the fiscal stimulus measures and about the exercise of the right of derogation; then, the study deals with the problem of lawmaking in a pandemic; and finally it is considered the threats to intellectual property in the sphere of healthcare. The results of the work show that the pandemic has seriously hit the balance between private and public interests. The public interests of the government and society have become a priority, but in many cases, the measures that infringe private interests are disproportionate, untimely and inefficient.
Features of legal regulation of methods for protecting family rights and interests under the legislation of European Union member states
(Lex Humana, 2023) Roman Havrik; Volodymyr Vatras; Mariia Lohvinova; Larysa Hrytsyshyna; Zhanna Chorna
The article focuses on the features of the legal regulation of protecting the family's rights and interests in the European Union. The study examines the specifics and general aspects of the laws of various EU countries, including their historical, cultural, and social background. The importance of this analysis is based on several aspects. First and foremost, there is a strong need for an academic understanding of EU family law and the specifics of its sources. It is also essential to consider the uniqueness of EU family law, in particular, its unique system of sources, as well as the significant differences between the sources of EU law and international norms. The focus is on the protection of children's rights, the duties and rights of spouses, and the importance of international treaties and conventions in drafting national legislation. This study aims to provide a detailed research and comparative analysis of the features of the legal regulation of the protection of the rights and interests of the family in the European Union. For this purpose, the following methods have been applied: 1) the dialectical method for the analysis of social processes in the eu countries; 2) the formal legal approach to the study of legal relations and sources of family law; 3) the comparative analysis of eu regulations is based on the theoretical principles and specifics of family law. A systematic approach to the analysis of the specifics of EU family law and a historical view of its development are also used. In the context of globalization and international integration, the issue of unification of legal standards, especially within structures such as the EU, is becoming increasingly important. The research results will be helpful for lawyers, scholars, and anyone interested in current trends in European family law.
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LOSS HUMAN CAPITAL AND COMBATING THIS CHALLENGE OF UKRAINIAN HIGHER EDUCATION
(2021-04-15) I.Kovtun, D.Svyrydenko, N.Hots, L.Panchenko, R.Semeniuk, A.Dvigun
The loss of human capital is a significant projected loss for the country's economy. Higher education must analyze the challenges, maintain the quality of human capital at the level necessary for the functioning of the economy, and train professionals in a permanent crisis. The multi-vector nature of the crisis leads to a negative multiplier effect of the influence of external and internal factors on the level of human capital of the country in all institutional categories, so these challenges are emerging given their systemic nature. This primarily applies to the institute of higher education. The formation of a relevant response to the challenges of loss of human capital is not only a guarantee of the proper functioning of higher education, but also guarantees the success of its functioning for economic transformation in the country. The analytical study revealed economic losses from external migration of highly qualified personnel, reduction of the country's economic potential from the outflow of specialists. The narrowing of the base of high-quality reproduction of qualified personnel, the factor of disproportion in the financing of higher education and the reproduction of highly qualified personnel from budgetary sources and the growth of the share of self-financing were revealed. The analysis proved the inconsistency of the quality of the staff to the number of employees of higher education in the regions and the disproportion of the teaching staff with academic ranks. A study of the number of graduate students indicates that the disparity in quality will increase as there is a tendency to lose scientific schools in the regions. Weaknesses of higher education have been identified. To reduce the negative impact of this factor on the quality of human capital and, indirectly, on the country's economy, there is the urgent need to optimize public funding of human capital; to create regional funds for financing higher education, formascientific schools in the regions to eliminate regional disparities in training. Proposals for a policy of investing in human capital at all qualification levels have been developed, taking into account the effectiveness of such investments and also to stabilize the socio-economic situation in the country. The directions of forming the answer of higher school to the challenges of the economic crisis of the country are offered.
Financial literacy as the basis of the culture of Ukraine’s population
(Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice, 2020) Klochko A. M.; Politova A. S.; Khankevych A. M.; Havrik R. O.
It has been noted that the modern development of the financial sphere of Ukraine is one of the priorities of the state administration agencies. Economic awareness of the population leads to a decrease in unemployment, stability of the national currency and the formation of a new economic culture of the population, which requires, above all, an adequate level of the financial literacy. It has been concluded that the functioning of all spheres of society is not possible without the use of the financial information, application of financial knowledge. Financial awareness helps to understand key financial concepts and use them to make decisions about income, expenses and savings, to choose the proper financial instruments, to plan the budget, to accumulate funds for future goals. Existing scientific approaches have been studied and the authors have offered own definition of the concept of «financial literacy», which means awareness, knowledge, skills, attitudes (life guides) and behavior, which allow to make sound financial decisions for achieving personal financial well-being, as well as financial activity of every citizen of the state to ensure social stability in society. The authors have distinguished a number of factors that affect the financial literacy of the population and they include: ignorance in the financial sphere; ignorance of how financial institutions of the state operate and their advantages; distrust to financial institutions and financial organizations; inability to distribute income and expenses; fear of starting own business. It has been noted that increasing the level of the financial literacy of Ukrainian citizens will enhance their ability to exercise effective financial control over the use of their own financial resources and to make sound financial decisions, and in our opinion, would become an integral element of the financial culture of society. It has been substantiated that there is no agency in Ukraine responsible for the implementation of the state policy in the field of the financial literacy of the population, which would develop, implement the National Program for raising the level of financial literacy of the population, and would also monitor the situation on this issue in Ukraine. Perspective research areas are the study of the effectiveness of teaching the discipline «Financial Literacy» in general secondary schools.
Financial Security and Guidelines of the Strategic Development of Ukraine
(2022-10-10) Viktor Synchak; Leonid Melnyk; Yuliia Makarenko; Iurii Gudz; Viktoriia Duma
The article examines the special conditions for ensuring financial security and guidelines for the strategic development of Ukraine on the basis of evaluating qualitative changes while maintaining stable rates of expanded reproduction and opportunities for self-determination of national interests in conditions of external influences. A methodology has been developed and a simulation-analytical model of financial security has been substantiated, based on established functional relationships between macro-financial factors, which, under the conditions of targeted interaction of identifiers of threatening symptoms of the imbalance of the financial system, provide guidelines for the country’s strategic development. A static approach is used to determine the threatening symptoms of the financial system, which under the influence of crisis situations (especially during martial law in the country) are investigated using dynamic methods. The relationship between macro-financial factors and signs of the country’s financial security is justified. Identifiers of typical macro-financial factors influencing the level of financial security of the country with an orientation to the development strategy are presented. The impact of banking, non-banking financial market, debt, budgetary, currency and monetary credit factors on the financial security of Ukraine in a discrete period is analysed. The relevance of the study lies in the creation and presentation of a simulation-analytical model of the estimated actual and projected volume of foreign exchange reserves of the financial pyramid of Ukraine, which embodies a balanced financial system, to cover the budget deficit and strategic development of the country.
Fiscal Policy in a Decentralized Space of the Financial System of Ukraine
(2020-09-10) Viktor P. Synchak; Natalia V. Trusova; Liubov V. Borovik; Serhii V. Kostornoi; Iryna O. Chkan; Iryna V. Forkun
The article deals with fiscal policy in the decentralized space of the financial system of Ukraine. The methodology of complex, systematic assessment of fiscal policy in the decentralized space of the financial system of the state is grounded. It is proved that effective methodological approach to assessing fiscal policy in the decentralized space of the financial system of the state is a vector auto regression (VAR), which provides dynamic correlation of time series with simultaneous determination of each exogenous and endogenous variable in the system, in case of fiscal impulses (shocks) in economy. The production-institutional function is used which, when adapting to the relationship between GDP and tax burden with specific statistics, changes the type of trend of tax revenue. A method for evaluating the effectiveness of financing targeted programs for decentralized territory has been developed. The dynamics of direct and indirect taxes to the state and local budgets are analyzed and the fiscal significance of VAT in GDP, the state budget and tax revenues of Ukraine is determined. The amount of tax debt and the state budget deficit has been estimated and the structure of tax benefits in terms of taxes and fees in Ukraine is presented. The projected values of real tax revenues per capita are substantiated and the forecast parameters of the level of subsidization of local budgets of decentralized territories are given.
Foreign experience in constitutional and legal regulation of restrictions on human rights in conditions of emergency and martial law
(Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, 2021) Oleksandr M. Bukhanevych; Serhii O. Kuznichenko; Anastasiia M. Mernyk
The study investigates the foreign experience of constitutional and legal regulation of restrictions on human rights in conditions of emergency and martial law in Macedonia, Armenia, Belarus, Moldova, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Albania, Azerbaijan, which is relevantin modern conditions, based on the presence of local military conflicts, emergencies, or the possibility of their existence in many countries of the world. The purpose of this study was to analyse the text and content of the constitutions of foreign countries to clarify and explain the groundsfor restricting human and civil rights and freedoms in conditions of emergency and martial law. To achieve this purpose, the study employed a system of methods of scientific cognition, namely general scientific (analysis, synthesis), particular (comparative, quantitative and qualitative analysis, approximation), as well as special legal (formal legal, comparative legal) methods. The practical value of the study lies in the identification of four prevailing trends in the constitutions of foreign states to the procedure for determining the scope of restrictions on human rights under special regimes: 1) consolidation of an exhaustive list of rights and freedoms in the constitutions, which cannot be restricted during the period of emergency and martial law; 2) consolidation of an exhaustive list of rights and freedoms in the constitution, which can be restricted to protect human rights, the democratic structure of the state, public safety, the well-being of the population and morals; 3) combining the first two options for consolidating restrictions in the text of the constitutions; 4) consolidation of the possibility of limiting the rights and freedoms of the individual in the texts of constitutions by state authorities under special legal regimes in the interests of national security without specifying partiular rights and freedoms that may (or may not) be restricted.
Forms of committing corrupt abuses of public finances and ways to counteract them in Ukraine
(Amazonia Investiga, 2021) Sukhonos, V.; Pavlenko, L.; Krukhmal, O.; Ivanovska, A.; Maletov, D.
The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of forms of committing corrupt criminal abuses, the subject of which is public finance. The object is social relations in the field of public finance and financial security. The authors emphasize the importance of study for building a stable economy and counteracting financial threats. The article analyzes various definitions of the essence of finance and public finance. To achieve this goal, authors used such methods: logical, documentary analysis, logical-semantic, system-structural, formal-legal. The forms of corruption abuse, the subject of which is public finance were outlined: abuse in the field of public procurement, money laundering in the field of public finance, embezzlement and misappropriation, abusing a position of authority. Two directions of counteraction to the specified forms of infringements were offered. Today Ukraine is still one of the most corrupted. Abuses in the field of public finance are especially deleterious, as they reduce the economic potential of the state, the financial well-being of the population and create a negative image on the international stage. Taking into account the level of legislative regulation, legal awareness, legal culture and education of the population of Ukraine was proposed to combat corruption in two main areas.
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONTROLLING OF AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES
(Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice, 2019) Klokar O. O., Svynous I. V., Gavryk O. Y., Ivanova R. Yu.
Іntegration of Ukraine into the world economic space, the effective implementation of socio-economic reforms to this effect and an improvement in the standard of living of citizens is not possible without qualitative management of human resources management of financial controlling services, first of all, in agricultural companies. Given the urgency and the unresolved state of problem described above, its insufficient study, the main objective of this research is the characterization of human resources management of financial controlling services in agricultural companies and measures for their effective implementation. As a result of our analysis, we have established that the financial controlling service is a subdivision of an entity that implements its overall, stable, long-term strategy for effective management of financial and economic activity in the context of transforming social and labor relations. Taking into account this interpretation, the human resources management of the financial controlling services is a complex, systematic and purposeful field of influence of the head of the company on the specialists of this unit (financial controllers) to ensure optimal conditions for their comprehensive work on achieving the objectives of the entity. In addition, taking into account the above approach, we outlined the main stages of the human resources management of financial controlling services in agricultural companies. Thus, they include the definition of selection criteria for the recruitment of specialists, vocational training and professional development of employees, provision of employment, career development and personnel rotation of specialists at all levels, formation of a reserve of employees according to their professional qualification and direction. The obtained research results form the basis for the study and practical solution of the problem of forming qualitative human resources management of controlling services in agricultural companies at various organizational and legal forms.
Information as An Object of Legal Regulation in Ukraine
(International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 2021) Svitlana Iasechko,; Alla Ivanovska; Tetyana Gudz; Mykola Marchuk; Oleksandr Venglinskyi; Alla Tokar
The article deals with the problematic issues of defining information as an object of private relations. Definitions that they are intangible and non-consumable by nature, are inextricably linked to a specific material carrier are/or secured by the subject that transmits them, messages, and information that have quantitative and qualitative characteristics, and are capable of having a freight or another value, and in case of its illegal usage causing damage and moral harm.
Legal Aspects of Identity Transactions Involving Entities with Foreign Elements: ICT Technologies and Issues of the Tax Burden
(Estudios de Economia Aplicada, 2021) Samsin, I.; Kovalko, N.; Kovalenko, A.; Zabzaliuk, D.; Kurando, K.
Legal analysis of transaction authentication with the participation of legal entities with a foreign element (LEFE) is interesting not only in disclosing theoretical and practical issues but also with difficulties and several features regarding foreign law application. The purpose of the article is to find the correct procedure for notarization of transactions on the territory of Ukraine with the participation of LEFE. In the research process, the authors combine theoretical developments and legislative instructions with practical experience of notarization. The research is based on four statements, which are confirmed during the study, contain a detailed description of the nuances to avoid possible errors and also offer to use a list of documents required to certification an undisputed transaction in Ukraine. The result of the article and its novelty is a detailed study of the actions of a notary in the certification of transactions involving LEFE, the presentation of a visual algorithm based on the above statements, namely: before the notary certificate it is necessary to determine whether the subjects of the transaction are LEFE; if a legal entity is established under the legislation of another state, then its civil and legal capacity is determined by the personal law of the state of such legal entity; there are certain restrictions on the activities of LEFE in Ukraine. The authors reviewed the recent changes in the taxation in Ukraine of LEFE, which must be taken into account; proposed the use of ICT technologies in notaries, what can not only simplify the process, help avoid subjective mistakes, but also open up new opportunities to streamline transactions involving entities with foreign elements.
Legal Challenges to Countering Gender-Based Violence in Posthumanism Society: International Experience and Ukrainian Realities
(Postmodern Openings, 2020) Lesko, N.; Khomyshyn, I.; Tsvok, M.; Havrik, R.; Kaniuka, I.
The article deals with the legal issues of countering gender-based violence in a posthumanism society in Ukraine and the European Union. The structure of the article consists of four chapters. The first chapter “General principles for countering gender-based violence in a posthumanism society” emphasizes that gender-based violence is a complex social problem. The second chapter, “Issues of formulating a definition of the term gender”, analyses the historical aspects of the formation of the term gender, as well as the history of Christian NGOs' struggles with gender strategies in the United Nations and the European Union. The third chapter, “Development of gender equality strategy in a posthumanism society” explores the content of the concept of “Gender equality”. The fourth chapter examines in detail the main provisions of the Convention concerning the struggle against gender-based violence as well as determines the issues of the ratification of the Istanbul Convention in Ukraine as European country. It is concluded that the introduction of modern forms and methods of combating gender-based violence, based on best international practices, requires the development not only of monitoring the effectiveness of legislation but also of monitoring the effectiveness of the activities of entities implementing measures of preventing and combating gender-based violence.

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