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    WESTERN EUROPEAN IDEALS OF CHIVALRY IN THE SPIRITUAL AND POLITICAL CULTURE OF THE UKRAINIAN COSSACKS AS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRACY IN UKRAINE
    (Modern engineering and innovative technologies, 2025) Stengach N.О., Danilova A.V.
    The Ukrainian Cossacks not only became an important military and political phenomenon, but also formed a unique culture and psychology that combined both local traditions and European influences. One of the key external factors that influenced the formation of the culture of the Cossacks was Western European chivalry. Contacts with chivalric traditions took place through numerous interactions, including military alliances, cultural exchange, and the participation of Cossacks in European wars. As a result, the Cossacks adopted a number of features that shaped their self-perception, ideology and lifestyle, which became the foundation for the development of a democratic political regime in Ukraine. The authors of the article emphasize that the Cossacks borrowed a number of military tactics and customs from Western European chivalry. Among them: the use of heavy cavalry, characteristic of Polish hussars and French knightly detachments, heraldic symbols – coats of arms, banners reminiscent of Western European traditions, the development of fencing and horse fighting, which was combined with Eastern methods of war. The authors also note that, like European chivalry, the Cossacks developed their own code of honor, which contained: loyalty to brotherhood, defense of faith and readiness for self-sacrifice. Just as the European crusader knights defended Christianity, so the Cossacks positioned themselves as defenders of the Orthodox faith from the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate. They also equally patronized monasteries and churches and used biblical motifs in rhetoric.